Introduction

Softeners are used the world over to remove hardness from water and mitigate the issues it causes. Hardness levels in water are determined by the concentration of dissolved calcium and magnesium ions. High levels of hardness in water lead to limescale build-up which will reduce the efficiency and life expectancy of your distribution networks and boilers, increase soap and detergent consumption in laundries and leave limescale stains on cutlery and surgical equipment.

Softeners utilise ion exchange resin beads to remove the hardness causing calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions from water in a reversible process. The resin beads are polystyrene spheres approximately 1 mm in diameter and have numerous charged sites on the surface that initially hold sodium (Na+) ions. During operation, the ion exchange resin beads will release the Na+ ions and in their place will attract the Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions. The water that leaves the softener system will have the hardness removed but with an increase in Na+ ions. After a certain volume of water has been treated, all of the Na+ ions will have been exchanged from the resin to the water and the resin will require regeneration. 

The regeneration process introduces a concentrated brine solution (Na+ & Cl-) to the resin beads which forces off the hardening ions and returns Na+ ions to the ion exchange resin. The resin is then ready to return to service and start the next production cycle. 

Softeners use multi-valve manifolds and control logic to automatically initiate regeneration cycles based on time in service or the volume of water treated. 

How do Softeners Work?

Benefits of Water Softeners

• Less requirement for chemicals to protect water equipment
• Prolonged system life

• Reduced cost of maintenance

• Save money on energy and soap/detergent costs

   

   

Technical Details

See the Xion ‘Knowledge Hub’ to find a wealth of material covering the theory of softeners and helpful hints on typical softener troubleshooting.

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Typical Applications

• Low pressure boiler make-up supply 

• Reverse osmosis pre-treatment 
• Cooling tower make-up supply 
• Laundries 
• Brewing/soft drinks 
• Food processing 

• Tanneries

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Service & Support​

Get in touch today for further information on softeners - Our team are ready to help. Call us today on 01733 666655 or email us hello@xionwater.com